CSES Increasing Subsequence
// compile: make data
// run: ./data < data.in
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#pragma GCC optimize("O3,unroll-loops")
#pragma GCC target("avx2,bmi,bmi2,lzcnt,popcnt")
#ifdef LOCAL
#include <debug/codeforces.h>
#define debug(x...) _debug_print(#x, x);
#define Debug(x...) _debug_print_format(#x, x);
std::ifstream terminal("/dev/tty");
#define PP cerr<<"\033[1;30mpause...\e[0m",terminal.ignore();
#else
#define debug(x...)
#define Debug(x...)
#define PP
#endif
template<typename...Args> void print_(Args...args){((cout<<args<<" "),...)<<endl;}
#define VI vector<int>
#define VII vector<vector<int>>
#define VIII vector<vector<vector<int>>>
#define rep(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i<(int)(b);++i)
#define sz(v) ((int)(v).size())
#define print(...) print_(__VA_ARGS__);
#define FIND(a, x) ((find(a.begin(),a.end(),(x))!=a.end())?1:0)
#define cmin(x,...) x=min({(x), __VA_ARGS__})
#define cmax(x,...) x=max({(x), __VA_ARGS__})
#define INTMAX (int)(9223372036854775807)
#define INF (int)(1152921504606846976)
#define NaN (int)(0x8b88e1d0595d51d1)
#define double long double
#define int long long
#define uint unsigned long long
#define MAXN 200010

int corcomp(vector<int> &a) {
    int maxv = 0;
    vector<pair<int, int>> l(sz(a)), r(sz(a));
    rep(i, 0, sz(a)) l[i] = {a[i], i};
    sort(l.begin(), l.end());
    r[0] = {l[0].second, 0};
    rep(i, 1, sz(a)) {
        r[i].first = l[i].second;
        r[i].second = r[i-1].second + (l[i].first != l[i-1].first);
    }
    maxv = r.back().second;
    sort(r.begin(), r.end());
    rep(i, 0, sz(a)) a[i] = r[i].second;
    return maxv;
}

template <class T> struct segtree {
    struct node {
        int l, r;
        T val;
        node *ch[2];
    };
    int cnt = 0;
    T DEFAULT_VALUE;
    node *newnode(int l, int r) {
        node *x = (l==r) ? &datalist[l] : &datalist[cnt++];
        x->l = l, x->r = r;
        x->ch[0] = x->ch[1] = nullptr;
        return x;
    }
    vector<int> a;
    vector<node> datalist;
    node *root;
    segtree(vector<int> arr) {
        cnt = sz(arr);
        a = arr, build();
    }
    void pushup(node *x) {
        if (!x) return;
        if (!x->ch[0] && !x->ch[1]) return;
        if (x->ch[0] && x->ch[1]) x->val = x->ch[0]->val + x->ch[1]->val;
        else x->val = x->ch[!x->ch[0]]->val;
    }
    T query(int ql, int qr) {
        if (qr - ql < 10) {
            T res = DEFAULT_VALUE;
            rep(i, ql, qr+1) res = res + datalist[i].val;
            return res;
        }
        function<T(node*)> dfs = [&](node *x) -> T {
            if (ql > x->r || qr < x->l) return DEFAULT_VALUE;
            if (x->l >= ql && x->r <= qr) return x->val;
            return dfs(x->ch[0]) + dfs(x->ch[1]);
        };
        return dfs(root);
    }
    template <typename U> void modify(int q, U val) {
        function<void(node*)> dfs = [&](node *x) -> void {
            if (q > x->r || q < x->l) return;
            if (x->l >= q && x->r <= q) {
                x->val.update(val);
                return;
            }
            dfs(x->ch[0]), dfs(x->ch[1]);
            pushup(x);
        };
        dfs(root);
    }
    void build() {
        datalist.resize(sz(a) * 2);
        function<node*(int, int)> dfs = [&](int l, int r) {
            node *x = newnode(l, r);
            if (r > l) x->ch[0] = dfs(l, (l+r) >> 1), x->ch[1] = dfs(((l+r)>>1) + 1, r);
            else x->val.set(a[l]);
            pushup(x);
            return x;
        };
        root = dfs(0, sz(a)-1);
    }
    void graphviz_dump(string filename = "graph.dot") {
        FILE *f = fopen(filename.c_str(), "w");
        fprintf(f, "digraph {\n");
        rep(i, 0, cnt) {
            node *x = &datalist[i];
            fprintf(f, "    %lld;\n");
        }
        rep(i, 0, cnt) {
            node *x = &datalist[i];
            if (x->ch[0]) fprintf(f, "    %lld -> %ld;\n", i, x->ch[0] - &datalist[0]);
            if (x->ch[1]) fprintf(f, "    %lld -> %ld;\n", i, x->ch[1] - &datalist[0]);
        }
        fprintf(f, "}\n");
    }
};


int32_t main() {
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(nullptr); cout.tie(nullptr);

    int n; cin >> n;
    vector<int> a(n);
    rep(i, 0, n) cin >> a[i];
    int N = corcomp(a);

    struct value {
        int maxv = -INF;
        int size;
        value operator+(const value &other) const {
            value res;
            res.maxv = max(maxv, other.maxv);
            return res;
        }
        void set(int rhs) {
            maxv = rhs;
        }
        void update(int val) {
            cmax(maxv, val);
        }
    };
    vector<int> cnt(N+1);
    cnt[a[0]] = 1;
    segtree<value> t(cnt);
    rep(i, 1, n) {
        int v = max(t.query(0, a[i]-1).maxv, 0ll);
        if (v + 1 < cnt[a[i]]) continue;
        cnt[a[i]] = v + 1;
        t.modify(a[i], v+1);
    }
    cout << t.query(0, N).maxv << endl;

    return 0;
}
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Source: github.com/k4yt3x/flowerhd
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