// compile: g++ -o data data.cpp -std=gnu++20 -DLOCAL
// run: ./data
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#pragma GCC optimize("O3,unroll-loops")
#pragma GCC target("avx2,bmi,bmi2,lzcnt,popcnt")
#ifdef LOCAL
#endif
#define sz(v) ((int)(v).size())
#define PV(v) for (int i=0;i<v.size();++i)cout<<v[i]<<" ";cout<<endl;
#define INTINF 9223372036854775807
#define int long long

using namespace std;

int32_t main() {
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    cout.tie(nullptr);
    int _; cin >> _;
    while (_--) {
        int x, y; cin >> x >> y;
        int k = max(x, y);
        int i = min(x, y);
        int ans = (k-1)*(k-1) + k;
        int s = 1;
        if ((k & 1 && x == k) || (!(k & 1) && y == k)) s = -1;
        ans += s * (k - i);
        cout << ans << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}